| UNITED ARAB EMIRATES United Arab Emirates Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah Joined United Nations: 9 December 1971 Human Rights as assured by their constitution Click here Updated 07/23/10 |
| CAPITAL |
| POPULATION |
| CHIEF OF STATE |
| SELECTION PROCESS |
Abu Dhabi
4,975,593
note: estimate is based on the results of the 2005 census that included a significantly higher
estimate of net immigration of non-citizens than previous estimates (July 2010 est.)
note: estimate is based on the results of the 2005 census that included a significantly higher
estimate of net immigration of non-citizens than previous estimates (July 2010 est.)
Khalifa bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan
President since 3 November 2004 and
Ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) since 4
November 2004
President since 3 November 2004 and
Ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) since 4
November 2004
President and Vice President elected by the Federal Supreme
Council (FSC) for five-year terms (no term limits); election last
held 3 November 2009 upon the death of the UAE's Founding
Father and first President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan; prime
minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president
Next scheduled election: undetermined
Council (FSC) for five-year terms (no term limits); election last
held 3 November 2009 upon the death of the UAE's Founding
Father and first President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan; prime
minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president
Next scheduled election: undetermined
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT
SELECTION PROCESS
Saif bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan
Deputy Prime Minister
since 11 May 2009
Deputy Prime Minister
since 11 May 2009
Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Ministers appointed by the
president
Next scheduled election: undetermined
president
Next scheduled election: undetermined
| DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS |
| ETHNIC GROUPS |
Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East
Asians) 8% (1982)
note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
Asians) 8% (1982)
note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
| RELIGIONS |
Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), other (includes Christian, Hindu) 4%
| GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE |
Federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates; 7
emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Federal court system introduced in 1971; applies to all emirates except Dubayy
(Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah, which are not fully integrated into the federal judicial system; all emirates have secular
courts to adjudicate criminal, civil, and commercial matters and Islamic courts to review family and religious disputes
Executive: President and Vice President elected by the Federal Supreme Council (FSC) for five-year terms (no term
limits); Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Ministers appointed by the president; election last held 3 November 2009;
Next scheduled election: unspecified
Legislative: Unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; members appointed
by the rulers of the constituent states to serve two-year terms)
elections: elections for one half of the FNC (the other half remains appointed) held in the UAE on 18-20 December 2006;
the new electoral college - a body of 6,689 Emiratis (including 1,189 women) appointed by the rulers of the seven
emirates - were the only eligible voters and candidates; there were 456 candidates including 65 women that ran for 20
contested FNC seats; one female from the Emirate of Abu Dhabi won a seat; eligible voter turnout was 77%
note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto
Judicial: Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Federal court system introduced in 1971; applies to all emirates except Dubayy
(Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah, which are not fully integrated into the federal judicial system; all emirates have secular
courts to adjudicate criminal, civil, and commercial matters and Islamic courts to review family and religious disputes
Executive: President and Vice President elected by the Federal Supreme Council (FSC) for five-year terms (no term
limits); Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Ministers appointed by the president; election last held 3 November 2009;
Next scheduled election: unspecified
Legislative: Unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; members appointed
by the rulers of the constituent states to serve two-year terms)
elections: elections for one half of the FNC (the other half remains appointed) held in the UAE on 18-20 December 2006;
the new electoral college - a body of 6,689 Emiratis (including 1,189 women) appointed by the rulers of the seven
emirates - were the only eligible voters and candidates; there were 456 candidates including 65 women that ran for 20
contested FNC seats; one female from the Emirate of Abu Dhabi won a seat; eligible voter turnout was 77%
note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto
Judicial: Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
| LANGUAGES |
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
| BRIEF HISTORY |
The United Arab Emirates was formed from the group of tribally organized Arabian Peninsula sheikhdoms along the
southern coast of the Persian Gulf and the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Oman. This area was converted to Islam in
the 7th century; for centuries it was embroiled in dynastic disputes. It became known as the Pirate Coast as raiders based
there harassed foreign shipping, although both European and Arab navies patrolled the area from the 17th century into the
19th century. Early British expeditions to protect the India trade from raiders at Ras al-Khaimah led to campaigns against
that headquarters and other harbors along the coast in 1819. The next year, a general peace treaty was signed to which all
the principal shaikhs of the coast adhered. Raids continued intermittently until 1835, when the shaikhs agreed not to
engage in hostilities at sea. In 1853, they signed a treaty with the United Kingdom, under which the sheikhs (the "Trucial
Sheikhdoms") agreed to a "perpetual maritime truce." It was enforced by the United Kingdom, and disputes among
shaikhs were referred to the British for settlement. Primarily in reaction to the ambitions of other European countries, the
United Kingdom and the Trucial Sheikhdoms established closer bonds in an 1892 treaty, similar to treaties entered into by
the UK with other Persian Gulf principalities. The shaikhs agreed not to dispose of any territory except to the United
Kingdom and not to enter into relationships with any foreign government other than the United Kingdom without its
consent. In return, the British promised to protect the Trucial Coast from all aggression by sea and to help out in case of
land attack. In 1955, the United Kingdom sided with Abu Dhabi in the latter's dispute with Saudi Arabia over the Buraimi
Oasis and other territory to the south. A 1974 agreement between Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia would have settled the
Abu Dhabi-Saudi border dispute; however, the agreement has yet to be ratified by the UAE Government and is not
recognized by the Saudi Government. The border with Oman also remains officially unsettled, but the two governments
agreed to delineate the border in May 1999. In 1968, the UK announced its decision, reaffirmed in March 1971, to end
the treaty relationships with the seven Trucial Sheikhdoms which had been, together with Bahrain and Qatar, under British
protection. The nine attempted to form a union of Arab emirates, but by mid-1971 they were unable to agree on terms of
union, even though the termination date of the British treaty relationship was the end of 1971. Bahrain became
independent in August and Qatar in September 1971. When the British-Trucial Shaikhdoms treaty expired on December
1, 1971, they became fully independent. On December 2, 1971, six of them entered into a union called the United Arab
Emirates. The seventh, Ras al-Khaimah, joined in early 1972. The UAE sent forces to liberate Kuwait during the 1990-
91 Persian Gulf War. On November 2, 2004, the UAE’s first and only president, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan,
died. His eldest son Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan succeeded him as Ruler of Abu Dhabi. In accordance with the
Constitution, the UAE’s Supreme Council of Rulers elected Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan as UAE Federal President.
Mohammed bin Zayed al Nahyan succeeded Khalifa as Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.
Sources: Wikipedia: History of United Arab Emirates
southern coast of the Persian Gulf and the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Oman. This area was converted to Islam in
the 7th century; for centuries it was embroiled in dynastic disputes. It became known as the Pirate Coast as raiders based
there harassed foreign shipping, although both European and Arab navies patrolled the area from the 17th century into the
19th century. Early British expeditions to protect the India trade from raiders at Ras al-Khaimah led to campaigns against
that headquarters and other harbors along the coast in 1819. The next year, a general peace treaty was signed to which all
the principal shaikhs of the coast adhered. Raids continued intermittently until 1835, when the shaikhs agreed not to
engage in hostilities at sea. In 1853, they signed a treaty with the United Kingdom, under which the sheikhs (the "Trucial
Sheikhdoms") agreed to a "perpetual maritime truce." It was enforced by the United Kingdom, and disputes among
shaikhs were referred to the British for settlement. Primarily in reaction to the ambitions of other European countries, the
United Kingdom and the Trucial Sheikhdoms established closer bonds in an 1892 treaty, similar to treaties entered into by
the UK with other Persian Gulf principalities. The shaikhs agreed not to dispose of any territory except to the United
Kingdom and not to enter into relationships with any foreign government other than the United Kingdom without its
consent. In return, the British promised to protect the Trucial Coast from all aggression by sea and to help out in case of
land attack. In 1955, the United Kingdom sided with Abu Dhabi in the latter's dispute with Saudi Arabia over the Buraimi
Oasis and other territory to the south. A 1974 agreement between Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia would have settled the
Abu Dhabi-Saudi border dispute; however, the agreement has yet to be ratified by the UAE Government and is not
recognized by the Saudi Government. The border with Oman also remains officially unsettled, but the two governments
agreed to delineate the border in May 1999. In 1968, the UK announced its decision, reaffirmed in March 1971, to end
the treaty relationships with the seven Trucial Sheikhdoms which had been, together with Bahrain and Qatar, under British
protection. The nine attempted to form a union of Arab emirates, but by mid-1971 they were unable to agree on terms of
union, even though the termination date of the British treaty relationship was the end of 1971. Bahrain became
independent in August and Qatar in September 1971. When the British-Trucial Shaikhdoms treaty expired on December
1, 1971, they became fully independent. On December 2, 1971, six of them entered into a union called the United Arab
Emirates. The seventh, Ras al-Khaimah, joined in early 1972. The UAE sent forces to liberate Kuwait during the 1990-
91 Persian Gulf War. On November 2, 2004, the UAE’s first and only president, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan,
died. His eldest son Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan succeeded him as Ruler of Abu Dhabi. In accordance with the
Constitution, the UAE’s Supreme Council of Rulers elected Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan as UAE Federal President.
Mohammed bin Zayed al Nahyan succeeded Khalifa as Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.
Sources: Wikipedia: History of United Arab Emirates
| ECONOMIC OVERVIEW |
The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Successful efforts at
economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP based on oil and gas output to 25%. Since the discovery of oil
in the UAE more than 30 years ago, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of
small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job
creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. In April 2004, the
UAE signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement with Washington and in November 2004 agreed to
undertake negotiations toward a Free Trade Agreement with the US, however, those talks have not moved forward. The
country's Free Trade Zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors.
The global financial crisis, tight international credit, falling oil prices, and deflated asset prices caused GDP to drop nearly
4% in 2009. UAE authorities have tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking
sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash
to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency. In February 2009, Dubai launched a $20 billion
bond program to meet its debt obligations. The UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi-based banks bought the largest
shares. In December 2009 Dubai received an additional $10 billion loan from the emirate of Abu Dhabi. Dependence on
oil and a large expatriate workforce are significant long-term challenges. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years
focuses on diversification and creating more opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private
sector employment.
Source: CIA World Factbook (select United Arab Emirates)
economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP based on oil and gas output to 25%. Since the discovery of oil
in the UAE more than 30 years ago, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of
small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job
creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. In April 2004, the
UAE signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement with Washington and in November 2004 agreed to
undertake negotiations toward a Free Trade Agreement with the US, however, those talks have not moved forward. The
country's Free Trade Zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors.
The global financial crisis, tight international credit, falling oil prices, and deflated asset prices caused GDP to drop nearly
4% in 2009. UAE authorities have tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking
sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash
to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency. In February 2009, Dubai launched a $20 billion
bond program to meet its debt obligations. The UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi-based banks bought the largest
shares. In December 2009 Dubai received an additional $10 billion loan from the emirate of Abu Dhabi. Dependence on
oil and a large expatriate workforce are significant long-term challenges. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years
focuses on diversification and creating more opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private
sector employment.
Source: CIA World Factbook (select United Arab Emirates)
| POLITICAL CLIMATE |
The Federal Supreme Council consists of the individual rulers of the seven emirates. The President and Vice-President are
elected by the Supreme Council every five years. Although unofficial, the Presidency is de facto hereditary to the Al
Nahyan clan of Abu Dhabi and the Premiership is hereditary to the Al-Maktoom clan of Dubai. Article 150 of the UAE
constitution defines the powers of the Council’s authority in formulation of general policy; legislation on all matters of state;
ratification of federal laws and decrees, including those relating to budget and fiscal matters; ratification of international
treaties and agreements; and appointment of the prime minister and Supreme Court judges.[3] Decisions are made by
majority vote unless relating to substantive issues which require a two-thirds majority vote (five out of seven rulers), which
must include Abu Dhabi and Dubai.[4] The Supreme Council also elects the Council of Ministers, while an appointed 40-
member Federal National Council, drawn from all the emirates, reviews proposed laws.
In early 2007, the United Arab Emirates launched the 'UAE Government Strategy' for the years ahead, which covered
twenty-one topics in six different sectors including social development, economic development, public sector
development, justice and safety, infrastructure and rural areas development. The initiative is meant to reevaluate and
advance these sectors towards top global standards by facilitating better continuous cooperation between federal and
local governments with increased efficiency, training, Emiratisaion, ministry empowerment, upgrading of services,
improving civil service and legislation review.
Subsequently, Abu Dhabi announced implementation of its own policy to modernize public administration practices and
government performance in 2007-2008. Plans for reevaluation were laid out in areas including economy, energy, tourism,
health, education, labour, civil services, culture and heritage, good control, urban planning, transport, environment, health
and safety, municipal affairs, police and emergency services, electronic government, women and legislative reform. Abu
Dhabi hopes advancements towards exceptional global standards in these areas will improve the quality of services for its
residents as well as attract future investment towards further modernizing the Emirate.
Source: Wikipedia: Politics of United Arab Emirates
elected by the Supreme Council every five years. Although unofficial, the Presidency is de facto hereditary to the Al
Nahyan clan of Abu Dhabi and the Premiership is hereditary to the Al-Maktoom clan of Dubai. Article 150 of the UAE
constitution defines the powers of the Council’s authority in formulation of general policy; legislation on all matters of state;
ratification of federal laws and decrees, including those relating to budget and fiscal matters; ratification of international
treaties and agreements; and appointment of the prime minister and Supreme Court judges.[3] Decisions are made by
majority vote unless relating to substantive issues which require a two-thirds majority vote (five out of seven rulers), which
must include Abu Dhabi and Dubai.[4] The Supreme Council also elects the Council of Ministers, while an appointed 40-
member Federal National Council, drawn from all the emirates, reviews proposed laws.
In early 2007, the United Arab Emirates launched the 'UAE Government Strategy' for the years ahead, which covered
twenty-one topics in six different sectors including social development, economic development, public sector
development, justice and safety, infrastructure and rural areas development. The initiative is meant to reevaluate and
advance these sectors towards top global standards by facilitating better continuous cooperation between federal and
local governments with increased efficiency, training, Emiratisaion, ministry empowerment, upgrading of services,
improving civil service and legislation review.
Subsequently, Abu Dhabi announced implementation of its own policy to modernize public administration practices and
government performance in 2007-2008. Plans for reevaluation were laid out in areas including economy, energy, tourism,
health, education, labour, civil services, culture and heritage, good control, urban planning, transport, environment, health
and safety, municipal affairs, police and emergency services, electronic government, women and legislative reform. Abu
Dhabi hopes advancements towards exceptional global standards in these areas will improve the quality of services for its
residents as well as attract future investment towards further modernizing the Emirate.
Source: Wikipedia: Politics of United Arab Emirates
| INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES |
Boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula
and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and detailed maps showing the alignment have not been
published; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which Iran occupies
and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and detailed maps showing the alignment have not been
published; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which Iran occupies
| TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS |
None reported
| REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPs) |
None reported
| HUMAN RIGHTS STATEMENTS, ANALYSIS AND CRITIQUES |
2009 Human Rights Report: United Arab Emirates
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2009 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
March 11, 2010
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven semiautonomous emirates with a resident population of approximately six
million, of whom fewer than 20 percent (one million) are citizens. The seven emirate rulers constitute the Federal Supreme Council,
the highest legislative and executive body. The council selects a president and a vice president from its membership, and the
president appoints the prime minister and cabinet. In 2004 the council selected Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan, ruler of Abu
Dhabi Emirate, as head of state for a five-year term. On November 3, the council reelected Sheikh Khalifa to a second term as
president. Traditionally, the emirates are under patriarchal rule with political allegiance defined by loyalty to tribal leaders, to leaders
of the individual emirates, and to leaders of the federation. There are no democratically elected legislative institutions or political
parties. There are no general elections. Citizens express their concerns directly to their leaders through traditional, consultative
mechanisms such as the open "majlis" (council). The Federal National Council (FNC), a consultative body, consists of 40 advisors,
20 of whom were elected by an appointed electoral college in 2006. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the
security forces.
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2009 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
March 11, 2010
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven semiautonomous emirates with a resident population of approximately six
million, of whom fewer than 20 percent (one million) are citizens. The seven emirate rulers constitute the Federal Supreme Council,
the highest legislative and executive body. The council selects a president and a vice president from its membership, and the
president appoints the prime minister and cabinet. In 2004 the council selected Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan, ruler of Abu
Dhabi Emirate, as head of state for a five-year term. On November 3, the council reelected Sheikh Khalifa to a second term as
president. Traditionally, the emirates are under patriarchal rule with political allegiance defined by loyalty to tribal leaders, to leaders
of the individual emirates, and to leaders of the federation. There are no democratically elected legislative institutions or political
parties. There are no general elections. Citizens express their concerns directly to their leaders through traditional, consultative
mechanisms such as the open "majlis" (council). The Federal National Council (FNC), a consultative body, consists of 40 advisors,
20 of whom were elected by an appointed electoral college in 2006. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the
security forces.
- Citizens did not have the right to change their government.
- There were unverified reports of torture during the year, and security forces sometimes employed flogging as judicially
sanctioned punishment. - Arbitrary and incommunicado detention remained a problem.
- The judiciary lacked full independence.
- The government interfered with privacy and restricted civil liberties, including freedom of speech, press (including the
Internet), assembly, association, and religion. - There were limited reports of corruption, and the government lacked transparency.
- Domestic abuse of women remained a problem, and there were allegations that police sometimes enabled domestic abuse.
- Legal and societal discrimination against women and noncitizens was pervasive.
- Trafficking in persons continued,
- the government severely restricted the rights of foreign workers,
- abuse of foreign domestic servants was common.
5 February 2010
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Forty-fifth session
18 January-5 February 2010
Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
United Arab Emirates
Introduction
1. The Committee expresses its appreciation for the initial report of the State party, although it does not fully comply with the
Committee’s guidelines for the preparation of initial reports, lacks references to the Committee’s general recommendations, as well
as some statistical data, and was overdue. The Committee also welcomes the State party’s written replies to the list of issues and
questions raised by its pre-session working group and the oral presentation and responses to the questions posed by the Committee,
which together provided further insights into the situation of women in the State party and the implementation of the rights
contained in the Convention.
Positive aspects
4. The Committee commends the State party for the high standard of basic social services for its citizens, especially the provision
of Government-funded educational and health-care services, including maternal and child health services.
5. The Committee notes with appreciation the measures taken by the State party to address the issue of human trafficking and, in
that respect, welcomes Federal Act No. 51 (2006) on the suppression of human trafficking and the ratification of the Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women
and Children (the Palermo Protocol).
Principal areas of concern and recommendations
8. While recalling the State party’s obligation to systematically and continuously implement all the provisions of the Convention, the
Committee views the concerns and recommendations identified in the present concluding observations as requiring the priority
attention of the State party between now and the submission of the next periodic report. Consequently, the Committee calls upon
the State party to focus on those areas in its implementation activities and to report on action taken and results achieved in its next
periodic report. It also calls upon the State party to submit the present concluding observations to all relevant ministries, the Federal
National Council and the Federal Judiciary, in order to ensure their effective implementation.
9. The Committee notes the particular challenges faced by the State party in respect of social integration and implementation of
gender equality policies owing to the fact that non-nationals constitute the vast majority of the population, which has a direct impact
on the application of all aspects of the Convention.
10. The Committee recommends that the State party duly take into account in its gender equality policies the contribution of
migrant workers to national development, in particular women migrant workers, with a view to enabling the State party to better
comply with the provisions of the Convention.
Click here to read more »
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Forty-fifth session
18 January-5 February 2010
Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
United Arab Emirates
Introduction
1. The Committee expresses its appreciation for the initial report of the State party, although it does not fully comply with the
Committee’s guidelines for the preparation of initial reports, lacks references to the Committee’s general recommendations, as well
as some statistical data, and was overdue. The Committee also welcomes the State party’s written replies to the list of issues and
questions raised by its pre-session working group and the oral presentation and responses to the questions posed by the Committee,
which together provided further insights into the situation of women in the State party and the implementation of the rights
contained in the Convention.
Positive aspects
4. The Committee commends the State party for the high standard of basic social services for its citizens, especially the provision
of Government-funded educational and health-care services, including maternal and child health services.
5. The Committee notes with appreciation the measures taken by the State party to address the issue of human trafficking and, in
that respect, welcomes Federal Act No. 51 (2006) on the suppression of human trafficking and the ratification of the Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women
and Children (the Palermo Protocol).
Principal areas of concern and recommendations
8. While recalling the State party’s obligation to systematically and continuously implement all the provisions of the Convention, the
Committee views the concerns and recommendations identified in the present concluding observations as requiring the priority
attention of the State party between now and the submission of the next periodic report. Consequently, the Committee calls upon
the State party to focus on those areas in its implementation activities and to report on action taken and results achieved in its next
periodic report. It also calls upon the State party to submit the present concluding observations to all relevant ministries, the Federal
National Council and the Federal Judiciary, in order to ensure their effective implementation.
9. The Committee notes the particular challenges faced by the State party in respect of social integration and implementation of
gender equality policies owing to the fact that non-nationals constitute the vast majority of the population, which has a direct impact
on the application of all aspects of the Convention.
10. The Committee recommends that the State party duly take into account in its gender equality policies the contribution of
migrant workers to national development, in particular women migrant workers, with a view to enabling the State party to better
comply with the provisions of the Convention.
Click here to read more »
Freedom In The World Report 2010
Political Rights Score: 6
Civil Liberties Score: 5
Status: Not Free
Overview
In May 2009, authorities of the United Arab Emirates detained a member of the ruling family who was caught on videotape
allegedly torturing an Afghani man. In July, the Abu Dhabi Federal Court of Appeal ruled to suspend the newspaper Emarat al-
Yawm for an article critical of the ruling family. Meanwhile, the country’s economy struggled as a result of the global economic
crisis. In December, Abu Dhabi provided Dubai a $10 billion bailout to help ease the latter’s debt crisis and stave off financial
collapse.
In May 2009, UAE police detained Sheikh Issa bin Zayed al-Nahyan, brother of the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, after he was
caught on videotape torturing an Afghani merchant in 2008. He has been implicated in 25 additional incidents. Al-Nahyan’s case
went to trial in late 2009 and remained before the courts at year’s end.
In contrast to many of its neighbors, the UAE has achieved some success in diversifying its economy to reduce dependency on the
petroleum sector. The country has built a leading free-trade zone in Dubai and a major manufacturing center in Sharjah, and it has
invested resources to expand its tourism industry. In spite of these efforts, however, the UAE has suffered from the recent global
economic downturn. Property values have plummeted, and thousands of foreigners who had been working in the real estate and
financial sectors have fled the country or been laid off. In December, Dubai received a $10 billion bailout package from Abu Dhabi
to help the state-owned Dubai World repay a $4.1 billion bond.
The UAE is not an electoral democracy. All decisions about political leadership rest with the dynastic rulers of the seven emirates,
who form the Federal Supreme Council, the highest executive and legislative body in the country. The seven leaders select a
president and vice president, and the president appoints a prime minister and cabinet. The UAE has a 40-member Federal National
Council (FNC), half of which was elected for the first time in 2006 by a 6,689-member electoral college chosen by the seven
rulers. The other half of the council is directly appointed by the government for two-year terms. UAE officials have said they intend
to grant universal suffrage for the 2010 FNC elections. The council serves only as an advisory body, reviewing proposed laws and
questioning federal government ministers.
Click here to read more »
Political Rights Score: 6
Civil Liberties Score: 5
Status: Not Free
Overview
In May 2009, authorities of the United Arab Emirates detained a member of the ruling family who was caught on videotape
allegedly torturing an Afghani man. In July, the Abu Dhabi Federal Court of Appeal ruled to suspend the newspaper Emarat al-
Yawm for an article critical of the ruling family. Meanwhile, the country’s economy struggled as a result of the global economic
crisis. In December, Abu Dhabi provided Dubai a $10 billion bailout to help ease the latter’s debt crisis and stave off financial
collapse.
In May 2009, UAE police detained Sheikh Issa bin Zayed al-Nahyan, brother of the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, after he was
caught on videotape torturing an Afghani merchant in 2008. He has been implicated in 25 additional incidents. Al-Nahyan’s case
went to trial in late 2009 and remained before the courts at year’s end.
In contrast to many of its neighbors, the UAE has achieved some success in diversifying its economy to reduce dependency on the
petroleum sector. The country has built a leading free-trade zone in Dubai and a major manufacturing center in Sharjah, and it has
invested resources to expand its tourism industry. In spite of these efforts, however, the UAE has suffered from the recent global
economic downturn. Property values have plummeted, and thousands of foreigners who had been working in the real estate and
financial sectors have fled the country or been laid off. In December, Dubai received a $10 billion bailout package from Abu Dhabi
to help the state-owned Dubai World repay a $4.1 billion bond.
The UAE is not an electoral democracy. All decisions about political leadership rest with the dynastic rulers of the seven emirates,
who form the Federal Supreme Council, the highest executive and legislative body in the country. The seven leaders select a
president and vice president, and the president appoints a prime minister and cabinet. The UAE has a 40-member Federal National
Council (FNC), half of which was elected for the first time in 2006 by a 6,689-member electoral college chosen by the seven
rulers. The other half of the council is directly appointed by the government for two-year terms. UAE officials have said they intend
to grant universal suffrage for the 2010 FNC elections. The council serves only as an advisory body, reviewing proposed laws and
questioning federal government ministers.
Click here to read more »
United Arab Emirates: Pakistani doctor released from UAE: Dr Ayyaz Ali Khan
16 June 2010
Dr Ayyaz Ali Khan was released by UAE police on 8 June 2010, after being detained without charge or trial for 65 days. The
whereabouts of two other Pakistani men arrested at the same time, Dr Akmal Waheed and Asad Waheed, remain unknown.
Dr Khanwas arrested in Ras al Khaimah (RAK) on 5 April 2010 while he was on a trip to set up a department of dentistry at RAK
University. He was taken from the university’s guest house together with two other Pakistani men, brothers Dr Akmal Waheedand
Asad Waheed, whose whereabouts remain unknown. For 65 days, Dr Khan was held in solitary confinement in an unknown
location and was denied access to his family, lawyers or the consulate of Pakistan. Dr. Khan still does not know the reasons of his
arrest but he says that he was been well treated during his detention.
Dr Khan was released on 8 June 2010. He was brought to Abu Dhabi airport blindfolded and put on a plane to Islamabad. Dr Khan
had the chance to inform his family about his release before he took the plane. He is in good health and is now resting with his
family in Pakistan.
"When I was taken, I had a family of 25 members and now I have a family of thousands of people. I am extremely grateful to
Amnesty International for all their support. I feel every little pressure helped in my case," Dr Khan said to Amnesty International
after his release. Dr Khan’s family would also like to thank Amnesty International’s members for all their efforts sending appeals on
his behalf. Dr Khan’s nephew said, "Amnesty has been a source of hope to his family and friends at a time of deep despair. Many,
many thanks for all your efforts."
The whereabouts of the two brothers Dr Akmal Waheed and Asad Waheed, arrested with Dr Khan, still remain unknown. The two
brothers were working at RAK University since 2007 until the time of their arrest. Please stop letters on behalf of Dr Khan but
continue sending appeals on behalf of Dr Akmal Waheed and Asad Waheed.
Click here to read more »
16 June 2010
Dr Ayyaz Ali Khan was released by UAE police on 8 June 2010, after being detained without charge or trial for 65 days. The
whereabouts of two other Pakistani men arrested at the same time, Dr Akmal Waheed and Asad Waheed, remain unknown.
Dr Khanwas arrested in Ras al Khaimah (RAK) on 5 April 2010 while he was on a trip to set up a department of dentistry at RAK
University. He was taken from the university’s guest house together with two other Pakistani men, brothers Dr Akmal Waheedand
Asad Waheed, whose whereabouts remain unknown. For 65 days, Dr Khan was held in solitary confinement in an unknown
location and was denied access to his family, lawyers or the consulate of Pakistan. Dr. Khan still does not know the reasons of his
arrest but he says that he was been well treated during his detention.
Dr Khan was released on 8 June 2010. He was brought to Abu Dhabi airport blindfolded and put on a plane to Islamabad. Dr Khan
had the chance to inform his family about his release before he took the plane. He is in good health and is now resting with his
family in Pakistan.
"When I was taken, I had a family of 25 members and now I have a family of thousands of people. I am extremely grateful to
Amnesty International for all their support. I feel every little pressure helped in my case," Dr Khan said to Amnesty International
after his release. Dr Khan’s family would also like to thank Amnesty International’s members for all their efforts sending appeals on
his behalf. Dr Khan’s nephew said, "Amnesty has been a source of hope to his family and friends at a time of deep despair. Many,
many thanks for all your efforts."
The whereabouts of the two brothers Dr Akmal Waheed and Asad Waheed, arrested with Dr Khan, still remain unknown. The two
brothers were working at RAK University since 2007 until the time of their arrest. Please stop letters on behalf of Dr Khan but
continue sending appeals on behalf of Dr Akmal Waheed and Asad Waheed.
Click here to read more »
UAE/Lebanon: Allow Lebanese/Palestinian Deportees to Appeal
One Year on, UAE has Not Provided Adequate Justification for Expelling Hundreds
July 19, 2010
(Beirut) - The United Arab Emirates government should allow hundreds of deported Lebanese citizens and Palestinians from Gaza
an opportunity to appeal their expulsions, Human Rights Watch said in a letter today to the UAE interior minister.
The UAE has deported at least 120 Lebanese families - all of them Shiite - since June 2009 without due process, the Beirut-based
Committee for Lebanese Deported told Human Rights Watch. UAE authorities have also expelled scores of Palestinians, mainly
from Gaza, after cancelling their work permits, news media have reported.
"It's now been more than a year since the UAE started deporting hundreds of Lebanese and Palestinians from Gaza, and the
government has yet to give any adequate justification," said Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East director at Human Rights Watch.
"The UAE needs to provide these families, many of whom had lived in the country for decades, a chance to appeal their
deportations."
Nine Lebanese deportees interviewed in Beirut by Human Rights Watch said they were arbitrarily expelled, without explanation or
any opportunity for redress. Each of them said they had been long-time lawful residents of the UAE. Some had lived in the country
for more than 30 years and owned homes and businesses there.
Yet, they said that starting in June 2009, the eight men and one woman each received a call from UAE immigration authorities
informing them that they had to leave the country with their families. They were given only days to pack their families' belongings
and depart. Several incurred substantial financial losses, as they had little time to sell property or claim payment from employers.
A 55-year-old Lebanese man told Human Rights Watch that he lost $250,000 after he was deported and unable to sell his restaurant
in the UAE.
"Immigration officials told us nothing except that we have to pack and return home," said the man, who had lived in the UAE since
1978. "When I asked about the reasons, the immigration officials said they didn't know themselves and that they had received the
list from [authorities in] Abu Dhabi."
Some of the deportees told Human Rights Watch that before their deportation, UAE authorities had summoned them and asked
which political party they supported in Lebanon. The authorities also sought information from the people who were summoned
about Hezbollah and the political affiliations of other Lebanese living in the UAE. The interrogations raise concerns that the
expulsions were politically motivated, Human Rights Watch said.
Click here to read more »
One Year on, UAE has Not Provided Adequate Justification for Expelling Hundreds
July 19, 2010
(Beirut) - The United Arab Emirates government should allow hundreds of deported Lebanese citizens and Palestinians from Gaza
an opportunity to appeal their expulsions, Human Rights Watch said in a letter today to the UAE interior minister.
The UAE has deported at least 120 Lebanese families - all of them Shiite - since June 2009 without due process, the Beirut-based
Committee for Lebanese Deported told Human Rights Watch. UAE authorities have also expelled scores of Palestinians, mainly
from Gaza, after cancelling their work permits, news media have reported.
"It's now been more than a year since the UAE started deporting hundreds of Lebanese and Palestinians from Gaza, and the
government has yet to give any adequate justification," said Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East director at Human Rights Watch.
"The UAE needs to provide these families, many of whom had lived in the country for decades, a chance to appeal their
deportations."
Nine Lebanese deportees interviewed in Beirut by Human Rights Watch said they were arbitrarily expelled, without explanation or
any opportunity for redress. Each of them said they had been long-time lawful residents of the UAE. Some had lived in the country
for more than 30 years and owned homes and businesses there.
Yet, they said that starting in June 2009, the eight men and one woman each received a call from UAE immigration authorities
informing them that they had to leave the country with their families. They were given only days to pack their families' belongings
and depart. Several incurred substantial financial losses, as they had little time to sell property or claim payment from employers.
A 55-year-old Lebanese man told Human Rights Watch that he lost $250,000 after he was deported and unable to sell his restaurant
in the UAE.
"Immigration officials told us nothing except that we have to pack and return home," said the man, who had lived in the UAE since
1978. "When I asked about the reasons, the immigration officials said they didn't know themselves and that they had received the
list from [authorities in] Abu Dhabi."
Some of the deportees told Human Rights Watch that before their deportation, UAE authorities had summoned them and asked
which political party they supported in Lebanon. The authorities also sought information from the people who were summoned
about Hezbollah and the political affiliations of other Lebanese living in the UAE. The interrogations raise concerns that the
expulsions were politically motivated, Human Rights Watch said.
Click here to read more »
Khalifa Hareb opens women and child supporting institutions' forum
22 Apr 2010
Major General Khalifa Hareb Al Khaili, Deputy Undersecretary of Ministry of Interior, opened yesterday at InterContinental Hotel in
Abu Dhabi, the sessions of the first forum of the organisations that support the protection of women and children the UAE.
The event is organised by the Department of Human Rights of the Secretariat of the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and
Minister of Interior, in cooperation with the Centre for Research and Security Studies at the General Headquarters of Abu Dhabi
Police, with 150 participants representing various ministries and government departments, institutions and civil society
organisations, as well as personalities, experts and researchers in the family, women and children.
The forum was held under the patronage of His Highness Sheikh Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of
Interior.
Present were Major General Khamis Saif bin Suwaif, Director General of the Criminal Security at the Interior Ministry, Brigadier
Ahmed Mohammed Nakhira, Director of the Department of Human Rights of the Secretariat of the Office of the Deputy Prime
Minister and minister of interior, chairman of the Higher Organising Committee, Brigadier Dr. Abdullah Ali bin Sahoo Director
General of Residency and Foreigners Affairs in Sharjah, directors of departments and senior officers at the ministry of the Interior.
Also present were Dr Amal Abdullah Al Qubaisi, a member of the Federal National Council, Adviser Dr. Mahmoud Mohamed Al
Kamali, Director General of the Institute of Training and Judicial Studies, Mohammed Salem Al Dhahiri, Director of the Abu Dhabi
Educational Zone, and a number of prominent writers and media persons.
Al Khaili inaugurated the exhibition which was held at the sidelines of the Forum, with the participation of more than 15 exhibitors
from different ministries, corporations and institutions. It showcased publications and versions for e various parties involved in the
woman and child right protection culture.
He delivered an inaugural speech in which he conveyed the greetings of HH Sheikh Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Deputy Prime
Minister and Minister of the Interior and his wishes to the success of conference of efforts to protect women, children and family
for a safe community.
Al Khaili stressed the importance of cooperation and coordination to unify efforts, share experiences and best practices in these
human and social matters.
Click here to read more »
22 Apr 2010
Major General Khalifa Hareb Al Khaili, Deputy Undersecretary of Ministry of Interior, opened yesterday at InterContinental Hotel in
Abu Dhabi, the sessions of the first forum of the organisations that support the protection of women and children the UAE.
The event is organised by the Department of Human Rights of the Secretariat of the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and
Minister of Interior, in cooperation with the Centre for Research and Security Studies at the General Headquarters of Abu Dhabi
Police, with 150 participants representing various ministries and government departments, institutions and civil society
organisations, as well as personalities, experts and researchers in the family, women and children.
The forum was held under the patronage of His Highness Sheikh Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of
Interior.
Present were Major General Khamis Saif bin Suwaif, Director General of the Criminal Security at the Interior Ministry, Brigadier
Ahmed Mohammed Nakhira, Director of the Department of Human Rights of the Secretariat of the Office of the Deputy Prime
Minister and minister of interior, chairman of the Higher Organising Committee, Brigadier Dr. Abdullah Ali bin Sahoo Director
General of Residency and Foreigners Affairs in Sharjah, directors of departments and senior officers at the ministry of the Interior.
Also present were Dr Amal Abdullah Al Qubaisi, a member of the Federal National Council, Adviser Dr. Mahmoud Mohamed Al
Kamali, Director General of the Institute of Training and Judicial Studies, Mohammed Salem Al Dhahiri, Director of the Abu Dhabi
Educational Zone, and a number of prominent writers and media persons.
Al Khaili inaugurated the exhibition which was held at the sidelines of the Forum, with the participation of more than 15 exhibitors
from different ministries, corporations and institutions. It showcased publications and versions for e various parties involved in the
woman and child right protection culture.
He delivered an inaugural speech in which he conveyed the greetings of HH Sheikh Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Deputy Prime
Minister and Minister of the Interior and his wishes to the success of conference of efforts to protect women, children and family
for a safe community.
Al Khaili stressed the importance of cooperation and coordination to unify efforts, share experiences and best practices in these
human and social matters.
Click here to read more »
H.H. Sheikh Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan-Minister of Foreign Affairs of the United Arab Emirates
Head of the UAE Delegation before The General Debate of the 2010 Review Conference of the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons Treaty
3-28 May, 2010
New York
Mr. President,
At the root of its commitment to ensure global security and prevention of proliferation of nuclear weapons lies the UAE decision to
join the NPT in 1995. This was followed by the ratification of the CTBT in 2000 and the conclusion of Comprehensive Safeguard
Agreement (CSA) in 2003. The UAE also signed the additional protocol to the Comprehensive Safeguard
Agreement (CSA) in 2009, with the ratification process being in its final stages. Today, the UAE government is taking further
tangible steps to support the non-proliferation efforts of the international community. These steps include the development of an
innovative model for adopting peaceful nuclear energy to meet growing domestic energy demand.
The UAE's awareness of its rights and sbligations under the treaty, and its understanding of the unique circumstances surrounding
the use of nuclear materials, led to the development and subsequent announcement of its "Policy on the Evaluation and Potential
Development of Peaceful Nuclear Energy" in April 2008. Commitments to the highest standards of nuclear security and
non-proliferation represent major pillars of this policy. In an effort to transform these aspirations into reality, the UAE has taken a
number of groundbreaking steps, including the decision to renounce the development of domestic enrichment and reprocessing
capabilities.
On the issue of nuclear disarmament, the UAE considers that the only way to ensure the non-use or threat to use nuclear-weapons
is the total elimination of those weapons We-welcome:-the' steps taken by the United States and the Russian Federation in the
recent START 2 agreement. In this regard, the UAE calls on nuclear states to take serious further steps towards disarmament,
with ultimate goal of a world free of nuclear weapons. Further more, The UAE reiterates its call for states that are not party to the
treaty to join the treaty.
The establishment of nuclear weapon free zone in the Middle East is a priority in order to demonstrate progress and effectiveness
of the treaty.
The review process conies with a lot of challenges, but given the importance of the NPT in ensuring global peace and security, the
UAE hopes that the parties will work together constructively to achieve a positive outcome.
Click here to read more »
Head of the UAE Delegation before The General Debate of the 2010 Review Conference of the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons Treaty
3-28 May, 2010
New York
Mr. President,
At the root of its commitment to ensure global security and prevention of proliferation of nuclear weapons lies the UAE decision to
join the NPT in 1995. This was followed by the ratification of the CTBT in 2000 and the conclusion of Comprehensive Safeguard
Agreement (CSA) in 2003. The UAE also signed the additional protocol to the Comprehensive Safeguard
Agreement (CSA) in 2009, with the ratification process being in its final stages. Today, the UAE government is taking further
tangible steps to support the non-proliferation efforts of the international community. These steps include the development of an
innovative model for adopting peaceful nuclear energy to meet growing domestic energy demand.
The UAE's awareness of its rights and sbligations under the treaty, and its understanding of the unique circumstances surrounding
the use of nuclear materials, led to the development and subsequent announcement of its "Policy on the Evaluation and Potential
Development of Peaceful Nuclear Energy" in April 2008. Commitments to the highest standards of nuclear security and
non-proliferation represent major pillars of this policy. In an effort to transform these aspirations into reality, the UAE has taken a
number of groundbreaking steps, including the decision to renounce the development of domestic enrichment and reprocessing
capabilities.
On the issue of nuclear disarmament, the UAE considers that the only way to ensure the non-use or threat to use nuclear-weapons
is the total elimination of those weapons We-welcome:-the' steps taken by the United States and the Russian Federation in the
recent START 2 agreement. In this regard, the UAE calls on nuclear states to take serious further steps towards disarmament,
with ultimate goal of a world free of nuclear weapons. Further more, The UAE reiterates its call for states that are not party to the
treaty to join the treaty.
The establishment of nuclear weapon free zone in the Middle East is a priority in order to demonstrate progress and effectiveness
of the treaty.
The review process conies with a lot of challenges, but given the importance of the NPT in ensuring global peace and security, the
UAE hopes that the parties will work together constructively to achieve a positive outcome.
Click here to read more »
HRW Report unbalanced: Emirates Human Rights Association
posted on 04/02/2010
Board Chairman of the Emirates Human Rights Association, HE Abdul Ghafar Hussein, has slammed the report released by the
international rights watchdog Human Rights Watch (HRW), on the UAE, describing it as "unbalanced non positive because it
focused on the negative rather on the positive side". He added at the press conference held by the association last night that the
report ignored the efforts of the UAE in regard to enacting laws protecting rights of labour, indicating that the report also snubbed
the UAE national women empowerment in the local and federal institutions, notably, the Federal National Council. Hussein
underscored that the workers in the UAE enjoy their rights compared to many countries. - Emirates News Agency, WAM
Click here to read more »
posted on 04/02/2010
Board Chairman of the Emirates Human Rights Association, HE Abdul Ghafar Hussein, has slammed the report released by the
international rights watchdog Human Rights Watch (HRW), on the UAE, describing it as "unbalanced non positive because it
focused on the negative rather on the positive side". He added at the press conference held by the association last night that the
report ignored the efforts of the UAE in regard to enacting laws protecting rights of labour, indicating that the report also snubbed
the UAE national women empowerment in the local and federal institutions, notably, the Federal National Council. Hussein
underscored that the workers in the UAE enjoy their rights compared to many countries. - Emirates News Agency, WAM
Click here to read more »
Muhammad bin Rashid al-Maktum
Vice President and Prime Minister
since 5 January 2006
Vice President and Prime Minister
since 5 January 2006
| Click map for larger view |
| Click flag for Country Report |
Mansur bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan
Deputy Prime Minister
since 11 May 2009
Deputy Prime Minister
since 11 May 2009
The UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to Southwest Asian drug-producing countries;
the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls
improving, but informal banking remains unregulated
the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls
improving, but informal banking remains unregulated
| ILLICIT DRUGS |
