| HUNGARY Republic of Hungary Magyar Koztarsasag Joined United Nations: 14 December 1955 Human Rights as assured by their constitution Updated 10/13/10 |
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 3 [Political parties]
(1) In the Republic of Hungary political parties may be established and may function freely, provided they respect the Constitution and
laws established in accordance with the Constitution.
(2) Political parties shall participate in the development and expression of the popular will.
(3) Political parties may not exercise public power directly. Accordingly, no single party may exercise exclusive control of a government
body. In the interest of ensuring the separation of political parties and public power, the law shall determine those functions and public
offices which may not be held by party members or officers.
Article 4 [Unions]
Labor unions and other representative bodies shall protect and represent the interests of employees, members of co-operatives and
entrepreneurs.
Article 5 [Goals of the state]
The State of the Republic of Hungary shall defend the freedom and sovereignty of the people, the independence and territorial integrity of
the country, and its national borders as established in international treaties.
Article 6 [Peace]
(1) The Republic of Hungary renounces war as a means of solving disputes between nations and shall refrain from the use of force and
the threat thereof against the independence or territorial integrity of other states.
(2) The Republic of Hungary shall endeavor to co-operate with all peoples and countries of the world.
(3) The Republic of Hungary bears a sense of responsibility for the fate of Hungarians living outside its borders and shall promote and
foster their relations with Hungary.
(4) The Republic of Hungary shall take an active part in establishing a European unity in order to achieve freedom, well-being and security
for the peoples of Europe.
Article 13 [Private property]
(1) The Republic of Hungary guarantees the right to property.
(2) Expropriation shall only be permitted in exceptional cases, when such action is in the public interest, and only in such cases and in the
manner stipulated by law, with provision of full, unconditional and immediate compensation.
Article 14 [Inheritance]
The Constitution guarantees the right of inheritance.
Article 15 [Family, marriage]
The Republic of Hungary shall protect the institutions of marriage and the family.
Article 16 [Youths]
The Republic of Hungary shall make special efforts to ensure a secure standard of living, instruction and education for the young, and
shall protect the interests of the young.
Article 17 [Social security]
The Republic of Hungary shall provide support for those in need through a wide range of social measures.
Article 18 [Healthy environment]
The Republic of Hungary recognizes and shall implement the individual's right to a healthy environment.
Chapter V The Parliamentary Ombudsman for Civil Rights and the Parliamentary Ombudsman for the Rights of National and
Ethnic Minorities
Article 32B [Ombudsman]
(1) The Parliamentary Ombudsman for Civil Rights is responsible for investigating or initiating the investigation of cases involving the
infringement of constitutional rights which come to his attention and initiating general or specific measures for their remedy.
(2) The Parliamentary Ombudsman for the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities is responsible for investigating or initiating the
investigation of cases involving the infringement of the rights of national or ethnic minorities which come to his attention and initiating
general or specific measures for their remedy.
(3) Everyone has the right to initiate proceedings by the Parliamentary Ombudsmen in the cases specified by law.
(4) The Parliamentary Ombudsmen for Civil Rights and for the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities shall be elected by a majority of
two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament, based on the recommendation made by the President of the Republic. The
Parliament may also elect special Ombudsmen for the protection of individual constitutional rights.
(5)
(6) The Parliamentary Ombudsmen shall present the Parliament with an annual report on their activities.
(7) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on Parliamentary Ombudsmen.
Chapter XII Fundamental Rights and Duties
Article 54
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the inherent right to life and to human dignity. No one shall be arbitrarily denied of these
rights.
(2) No one shall be subject to torture or to cruel, inhuman or humiliating treatment or punishment. Under no circumstances shall anyone
be subjected to medical or scientific experiments without his prior consent.
Article 55
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to freedom and personal security; no one shall be deprived of his freedom except
on the grounds and in accordance with the procedures specified by law.
(2) Any individual suspected of having committed a criminal offense and held in detention shall either be released or shall be brought
before a judge within the shortest possible period of time. The judge is required to grant the detained individual a hearing and shall
immediately prepare a written ruling with a justification for either releasing the detainee or having the individual placed under arrest.
(3) Any individual subject to illegal arrest or detainment is entitled to compensation.
Article 56
In the Republic of Hungary everyone is legally capable.
Article 57
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone is equal before the law and has the right to have the accusations brought against him, as well as
his rights and duties in legal proceedings, judged in a just, public trial by an independent and impartial court established by law.
(2) In the Republic of Hungary no one shall be considered guilty until a court has rendered a final legal judgment determining criminal
culpability.
(3) Individuals subject to criminal proceedings are entitled to legal defense at all stages of the proceedings. Defense lawyers may not be
held accountable for opinions expressed in the course of the defense.
(4) No one shall be declared guilty and subjected to punishment for an offense that was not a criminal offense under Hungarian law at the
time such offense was committed.
(5) In the Republic of Hungary everyone may seek legal remedy, in accordance with the provisions of the law, to judicial, administrative
or other official decisions, which infringe on his rights or justified interests. A law passed by a majority of two-thirds of the votes of the
Members of Parliament present may impose restrictions on the right to legal remedy in the interest of, and in proportion with, adjudication
of legal disputes within a reasonable period of time.
Article 58
(1) Everyone legally staying or residing in the territory of the Republic of Hungary - with the exception of the cases established by law -
has the right to move freely and to choose his place of residence, including the right to leave his domicile or the country.
(2) Foreigners legally residing in the territory of the Republic of Hungary may only be deported on the basis of a resolution reached in
accordance with the law.
(3) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the freedom of movement
and residence.
Article 59
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to the good standing of his reputation, the privacy of his home and the protection of
secrecy in private affairs and personal data.
(2) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the secrecy of personal data.
Article 60
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to freedom of thought, freedom of conscience and freedom of religion.
(2) This right shall include the free choice or acceptance of a religion or belief, and the freedom to publicly or privately express or decline
to express, exercise and teach such religions and beliefs by way of religious actions, rites or in any other way, either individually or in a
group.
(3) The church and the State shall operate in separation in the Republic of Hungary.
(4) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the freedom of belief and
religion.
Article 61
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to freely express his opinion, and furthermore to access and distribute information
of public interest.
(2) The Republic of Hungary recognizes and respects the freedom of the press.
(3) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the public access to
information of public interest and the law on the freedom of the press.
(4) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the supervision of public
radio, television and the public news agency, as well as the appointment of the directors thereof, on the licensing of commercial radio and
television, and on the prevention of monopolies in the media sector.
Article 62
(1) The Republic of Hungary recognizes the right to peaceful assembly and shall ensure the free exercise thereof.
(2) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the right of assembly.
Article 63
(1) On the basis of the right of assembly, everyone in the Republic of Hungary has the right to establish organizations whose goals are not
prohibited by law and to join such organizations.
(2) The establishment of armed organizations with political objectives shall not be permitted on the basis of the right of assembly.
(3) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the right of assembly and
the financial management and operation of political parties.
Article 64
In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to present, individually or together with others, written petitions or complaints to the
relevant public authority.
Article 65
(1) In accordance with the conditions established by law, the Republic of Hungary shall, if neither their country of origin nor another
country provides protection, extend the right of asylum to foreign citizens who, in their native country or the country of their usual place
of residence, are subject to persecution on the basis of race or nationality, their alliance with a specific social group, religious or political
conviction, or whose fear of being subject to persecution is well founded.
(2) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the right to asylum.
Article 66
(1) The Republic of Hungary shall ensure the equality of men and women in all civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights.
(2) In the Republic of Hungary mothers shall receive support and protection before and after the birth of the child, in accordance with
separate regulations.
(3) Separate regulations shall ensure the protection of women and youth in the workplace.
Article 67
(1) In the Republic of Hungary all children have the right to receive the protection and care of their family, and of the State and society,
which is necessary for their satisfactory physical, mental and moral development.
(2) Parents have the right to choose the form of education given to their children.
(3) Separate regulations shall establish the responsibilities of the State with regard to the situation and protection of the family and youth.
Article 68
(1) The national and ethnic minorities living in the Republic of Hungary participate in the sovereign power of the people: they represent a
constituent part of the State.
(2) The Republic of Hungary shall provide for the protection of national and ethnic minorities and ensure their collective participation in
public affairs, the fostering of their cultures, the use of their native languages, education in their native languages and the use of names in
their native languages.
(3) The laws of the Republic of Hungary shall ensure representation for the national and ethnic minorities living within the country.
(4) National and ethnic minorities shall have the right to form local and national bodies for self-government.
(5) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the rights of national and
ethnic minorities.
Article 69
(1) In the Republic of Hungary no one shall be denied of his Hungarian citizenship against his will and no Hungarian citizen may be
expelled from the territory of the Republic of Hungary.
(2) Hungarian citizens may always return to Hungary from abroad.
(3) All Hungarian citizens are entitled to enjoy the protection of the Republic of Hungary while legally residing or staying abroad.
(4) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on citizenship.
Article 70
(1) All adult Hungarian citizens residing in the territory of the Republic of Hungary have the right to be elected and the right to vote in
Parliamentary elections, local government elections or minority self-government elections, provided that they are present in the country on
the day of the election or referendum, and furthermore to participate in national or local referenda or popular initiatives.
(2) Persons residing in the territory of the Republic of Hungary as immigrants who do not have Hungarian citizenship also have the right
to vote in local government elections of representatives and the Mayor, as well as the right to participate in local referenda and popular
initiatives, in accordance with the regulations of a separate law, provided that they are present in the country on the day of the election or
referendum.
(3) The right to vote shall not be granted to persons who are under guardianship limiting or excluding their capacity, to persons who are
subject to a final legal judgment forbidding them to participate in public affairs, nor to persons who are incarcerated on the basis of a final
legal judgment or who are under compulsory institutional care on the basis of a final legal judgment rendered in criminal proceedings.
(4) All Hungarian citizens have the right to participate in public affairs, and furthermore to hold public office in accordance with their
suitability, education and professional ability.
Article 70A
(1) The Republic of Hungary shall respect the human rights and civil rights of all persons in the country without discrimination on the
basis of race, color, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origins, financial situation, birth or on any other
grounds whatsoever.
(2) The law shall provide for strict punishment of discrimination on the basis of Paragraph (1).
(3) The Republic of Hungary shall endeavor to implement equal rights for everyone through measures that create fair opportunities for all.
Article 70B
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to work and to freely choose his job and profession.
(2) Everyone has the right to equal compensation for equal work, without any discrimination whatsoever.
(3) All persons who work have the right to an income that corresponds to the amount and quality of work they carry out.
(4) Everyone has the right to leisure time, to free time and to regular paid vacation.
Article 70C
(1) Everyone has the right to establish or join organizations together with others with the objective of protecting his economic or social
interests.
(2) The right to strike may be exercised within the framework of the law regulating such right.
(3) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the right to strike.
Article 70D
(1) Everyone living in the territory of the Republic of Hungary has the right to the highest possible level of physical and mental health.
(2) The Republic of Hungary shall implement this right through institutions of labor safety and health care, through the organization of
medical care and the opportunities for regular physical activity, as well as through the protection of the urban and natural environment.
Article 70E
(1) Citizens of the Republic of Hungary have the right to social security; they are entitled to the support required to live in old age, and in
the case of sickness, disability, being widowed or orphaned and in the case of unemployment through no fault of their own.
(2) The Republic of Hungary shall implement the right to social support through the social security system and the system of social
institutions.
Article 70F
(1) The Republic of Hungary guarantees the right of education to its citizens.
(2) The Republic of Hungary shall implement this right through the dissemination and general access to culture, free compulsory primary
schooling, through secondary and higher education available to all persons on the basis of their ability, and furthermore through financial
support for students.
Article 70G
(1) The Republic of Hungary shall respect and support the freedom of scientific and artistic expression, the freedom to learn and to teach.
(2) Only scientists are entitled to decide in questions of scientific truth and to determine the scientific value of research.
Article 70H
(1) All citizens of the Republic of Hungary have the obligation to defend their country.
(2) Based on the general obligation to defend the country, citizens shall complete armed or unarmed military service, or complete civil
service in accordance with the conditions established by law.
(3) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the obligation to complete
military service.
Article 70I
All natural persons, legal persons and unincorporated organizations have the obligation to contribute to public revenues on the basis of
their income and wealth.
Article 70J ]
In the Republic of Hungary parents and guardians have the obligation to ensure the education of their young children.
Article 70K
Claims arising from infringement on fundamental rights, and objections to the decisions of public authorities regarding the fulfillment of
duties may be brought before a court of law.
Article 3 [Political parties]
(1) In the Republic of Hungary political parties may be established and may function freely, provided they respect the Constitution and
laws established in accordance with the Constitution.
(2) Political parties shall participate in the development and expression of the popular will.
(3) Political parties may not exercise public power directly. Accordingly, no single party may exercise exclusive control of a government
body. In the interest of ensuring the separation of political parties and public power, the law shall determine those functions and public
offices which may not be held by party members or officers.
Article 4 [Unions]
Labor unions and other representative bodies shall protect and represent the interests of employees, members of co-operatives and
entrepreneurs.
Article 5 [Goals of the state]
The State of the Republic of Hungary shall defend the freedom and sovereignty of the people, the independence and territorial integrity of
the country, and its national borders as established in international treaties.
Article 6 [Peace]
(1) The Republic of Hungary renounces war as a means of solving disputes between nations and shall refrain from the use of force and
the threat thereof against the independence or territorial integrity of other states.
(2) The Republic of Hungary shall endeavor to co-operate with all peoples and countries of the world.
(3) The Republic of Hungary bears a sense of responsibility for the fate of Hungarians living outside its borders and shall promote and
foster their relations with Hungary.
(4) The Republic of Hungary shall take an active part in establishing a European unity in order to achieve freedom, well-being and security
for the peoples of Europe.
Article 13 [Private property]
(1) The Republic of Hungary guarantees the right to property.
(2) Expropriation shall only be permitted in exceptional cases, when such action is in the public interest, and only in such cases and in the
manner stipulated by law, with provision of full, unconditional and immediate compensation.
Article 14 [Inheritance]
The Constitution guarantees the right of inheritance.
Article 15 [Family, marriage]
The Republic of Hungary shall protect the institutions of marriage and the family.
Article 16 [Youths]
The Republic of Hungary shall make special efforts to ensure a secure standard of living, instruction and education for the young, and
shall protect the interests of the young.
Article 17 [Social security]
The Republic of Hungary shall provide support for those in need through a wide range of social measures.
Article 18 [Healthy environment]
The Republic of Hungary recognizes and shall implement the individual's right to a healthy environment.
Chapter V The Parliamentary Ombudsman for Civil Rights and the Parliamentary Ombudsman for the Rights of National and
Ethnic Minorities
Article 32B [Ombudsman]
(1) The Parliamentary Ombudsman for Civil Rights is responsible for investigating or initiating the investigation of cases involving the
infringement of constitutional rights which come to his attention and initiating general or specific measures for their remedy.
(2) The Parliamentary Ombudsman for the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities is responsible for investigating or initiating the
investigation of cases involving the infringement of the rights of national or ethnic minorities which come to his attention and initiating
general or specific measures for their remedy.
(3) Everyone has the right to initiate proceedings by the Parliamentary Ombudsmen in the cases specified by law.
(4) The Parliamentary Ombudsmen for Civil Rights and for the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities shall be elected by a majority of
two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament, based on the recommendation made by the President of the Republic. The
Parliament may also elect special Ombudsmen for the protection of individual constitutional rights.
(5)
(6) The Parliamentary Ombudsmen shall present the Parliament with an annual report on their activities.
(7) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on Parliamentary Ombudsmen.
Chapter XII Fundamental Rights and Duties
Article 54
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the inherent right to life and to human dignity. No one shall be arbitrarily denied of these
rights.
(2) No one shall be subject to torture or to cruel, inhuman or humiliating treatment or punishment. Under no circumstances shall anyone
be subjected to medical or scientific experiments without his prior consent.
Article 55
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to freedom and personal security; no one shall be deprived of his freedom except
on the grounds and in accordance with the procedures specified by law.
(2) Any individual suspected of having committed a criminal offense and held in detention shall either be released or shall be brought
before a judge within the shortest possible period of time. The judge is required to grant the detained individual a hearing and shall
immediately prepare a written ruling with a justification for either releasing the detainee or having the individual placed under arrest.
(3) Any individual subject to illegal arrest or detainment is entitled to compensation.
Article 56
In the Republic of Hungary everyone is legally capable.
Article 57
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone is equal before the law and has the right to have the accusations brought against him, as well as
his rights and duties in legal proceedings, judged in a just, public trial by an independent and impartial court established by law.
(2) In the Republic of Hungary no one shall be considered guilty until a court has rendered a final legal judgment determining criminal
culpability.
(3) Individuals subject to criminal proceedings are entitled to legal defense at all stages of the proceedings. Defense lawyers may not be
held accountable for opinions expressed in the course of the defense.
(4) No one shall be declared guilty and subjected to punishment for an offense that was not a criminal offense under Hungarian law at the
time such offense was committed.
(5) In the Republic of Hungary everyone may seek legal remedy, in accordance with the provisions of the law, to judicial, administrative
or other official decisions, which infringe on his rights or justified interests. A law passed by a majority of two-thirds of the votes of the
Members of Parliament present may impose restrictions on the right to legal remedy in the interest of, and in proportion with, adjudication
of legal disputes within a reasonable period of time.
Article 58
(1) Everyone legally staying or residing in the territory of the Republic of Hungary - with the exception of the cases established by law -
has the right to move freely and to choose his place of residence, including the right to leave his domicile or the country.
(2) Foreigners legally residing in the territory of the Republic of Hungary may only be deported on the basis of a resolution reached in
accordance with the law.
(3) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the freedom of movement
and residence.
Article 59
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to the good standing of his reputation, the privacy of his home and the protection of
secrecy in private affairs and personal data.
(2) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the secrecy of personal data.
Article 60
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to freedom of thought, freedom of conscience and freedom of religion.
(2) This right shall include the free choice or acceptance of a religion or belief, and the freedom to publicly or privately express or decline
to express, exercise and teach such religions and beliefs by way of religious actions, rites or in any other way, either individually or in a
group.
(3) The church and the State shall operate in separation in the Republic of Hungary.
(4) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the freedom of belief and
religion.
Article 61
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to freely express his opinion, and furthermore to access and distribute information
of public interest.
(2) The Republic of Hungary recognizes and respects the freedom of the press.
(3) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the public access to
information of public interest and the law on the freedom of the press.
(4) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the supervision of public
radio, television and the public news agency, as well as the appointment of the directors thereof, on the licensing of commercial radio and
television, and on the prevention of monopolies in the media sector.
Article 62
(1) The Republic of Hungary recognizes the right to peaceful assembly and shall ensure the free exercise thereof.
(2) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the right of assembly.
Article 63
(1) On the basis of the right of assembly, everyone in the Republic of Hungary has the right to establish organizations whose goals are not
prohibited by law and to join such organizations.
(2) The establishment of armed organizations with political objectives shall not be permitted on the basis of the right of assembly.
(3) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the right of assembly and
the financial management and operation of political parties.
Article 64
In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to present, individually or together with others, written petitions or complaints to the
relevant public authority.
Article 65
(1) In accordance with the conditions established by law, the Republic of Hungary shall, if neither their country of origin nor another
country provides protection, extend the right of asylum to foreign citizens who, in their native country or the country of their usual place
of residence, are subject to persecution on the basis of race or nationality, their alliance with a specific social group, religious or political
conviction, or whose fear of being subject to persecution is well founded.
(2) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the right to asylum.
Article 66
(1) The Republic of Hungary shall ensure the equality of men and women in all civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights.
(2) In the Republic of Hungary mothers shall receive support and protection before and after the birth of the child, in accordance with
separate regulations.
(3) Separate regulations shall ensure the protection of women and youth in the workplace.
Article 67
(1) In the Republic of Hungary all children have the right to receive the protection and care of their family, and of the State and society,
which is necessary for their satisfactory physical, mental and moral development.
(2) Parents have the right to choose the form of education given to their children.
(3) Separate regulations shall establish the responsibilities of the State with regard to the situation and protection of the family and youth.
Article 68
(1) The national and ethnic minorities living in the Republic of Hungary participate in the sovereign power of the people: they represent a
constituent part of the State.
(2) The Republic of Hungary shall provide for the protection of national and ethnic minorities and ensure their collective participation in
public affairs, the fostering of their cultures, the use of their native languages, education in their native languages and the use of names in
their native languages.
(3) The laws of the Republic of Hungary shall ensure representation for the national and ethnic minorities living within the country.
(4) National and ethnic minorities shall have the right to form local and national bodies for self-government.
(5) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the rights of national and
ethnic minorities.
Article 69
(1) In the Republic of Hungary no one shall be denied of his Hungarian citizenship against his will and no Hungarian citizen may be
expelled from the territory of the Republic of Hungary.
(2) Hungarian citizens may always return to Hungary from abroad.
(3) All Hungarian citizens are entitled to enjoy the protection of the Republic of Hungary while legally residing or staying abroad.
(4) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on citizenship.
Article 70
(1) All adult Hungarian citizens residing in the territory of the Republic of Hungary have the right to be elected and the right to vote in
Parliamentary elections, local government elections or minority self-government elections, provided that they are present in the country on
the day of the election or referendum, and furthermore to participate in national or local referenda or popular initiatives.
(2) Persons residing in the territory of the Republic of Hungary as immigrants who do not have Hungarian citizenship also have the right
to vote in local government elections of representatives and the Mayor, as well as the right to participate in local referenda and popular
initiatives, in accordance with the regulations of a separate law, provided that they are present in the country on the day of the election or
referendum.
(3) The right to vote shall not be granted to persons who are under guardianship limiting or excluding their capacity, to persons who are
subject to a final legal judgment forbidding them to participate in public affairs, nor to persons who are incarcerated on the basis of a final
legal judgment or who are under compulsory institutional care on the basis of a final legal judgment rendered in criminal proceedings.
(4) All Hungarian citizens have the right to participate in public affairs, and furthermore to hold public office in accordance with their
suitability, education and professional ability.
Article 70A
(1) The Republic of Hungary shall respect the human rights and civil rights of all persons in the country without discrimination on the
basis of race, color, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origins, financial situation, birth or on any other
grounds whatsoever.
(2) The law shall provide for strict punishment of discrimination on the basis of Paragraph (1).
(3) The Republic of Hungary shall endeavor to implement equal rights for everyone through measures that create fair opportunities for all.
Article 70B
(1) In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to work and to freely choose his job and profession.
(2) Everyone has the right to equal compensation for equal work, without any discrimination whatsoever.
(3) All persons who work have the right to an income that corresponds to the amount and quality of work they carry out.
(4) Everyone has the right to leisure time, to free time and to regular paid vacation.
Article 70C
(1) Everyone has the right to establish or join organizations together with others with the objective of protecting his economic or social
interests.
(2) The right to strike may be exercised within the framework of the law regulating such right.
(3) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the right to strike.
Article 70D
(1) Everyone living in the territory of the Republic of Hungary has the right to the highest possible level of physical and mental health.
(2) The Republic of Hungary shall implement this right through institutions of labor safety and health care, through the organization of
medical care and the opportunities for regular physical activity, as well as through the protection of the urban and natural environment.
Article 70E
(1) Citizens of the Republic of Hungary have the right to social security; they are entitled to the support required to live in old age, and in
the case of sickness, disability, being widowed or orphaned and in the case of unemployment through no fault of their own.
(2) The Republic of Hungary shall implement the right to social support through the social security system and the system of social
institutions.
Article 70F
(1) The Republic of Hungary guarantees the right of education to its citizens.
(2) The Republic of Hungary shall implement this right through the dissemination and general access to culture, free compulsory primary
schooling, through secondary and higher education available to all persons on the basis of their ability, and furthermore through financial
support for students.
Article 70G
(1) The Republic of Hungary shall respect and support the freedom of scientific and artistic expression, the freedom to learn and to teach.
(2) Only scientists are entitled to decide in questions of scientific truth and to determine the scientific value of research.
Article 70H
(1) All citizens of the Republic of Hungary have the obligation to defend their country.
(2) Based on the general obligation to defend the country, citizens shall complete armed or unarmed military service, or complete civil
service in accordance with the conditions established by law.
(3) A majority of two-thirds of the votes of the Members of Parliament present is required to pass the law on the obligation to complete
military service.
Article 70I
All natural persons, legal persons and unincorporated organizations have the obligation to contribute to public revenues on the basis of
their income and wealth.
Article 70J ]
In the Republic of Hungary parents and guardians have the obligation to ensure the education of their young children.
Article 70K
Claims arising from infringement on fundamental rights, and objections to the decisions of public authorities regarding the fulfillment of
duties may be brought before a court of law.
Human habitation of the region containing Hungary dates back to about 6,500 BCE with the
Koros culture. The region underwent domination by Celts, the Roman Empire, the Huns and
various nomadic tribes. The arrival of the Magyar tribespeople from across the Carpathian
Mountains from Ukraine some time after 896 is traditionally considered the beginning of
Hungarian Culture. Magyars dominated until defeat by the Ottoman Empire in 1526 and the
division of Hungary into three parts in 1541. The ascension of the Austrian Hapsburgs led to
a union with Croatia to create the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1718 the entire Kingdom was
restored. On 15 March 1848, mass demonstrations led to the dethroning of the Hapsburgs
and the establishment of the first Republic of Hungary. In 1867, Hungary was reunited with
Hungary into one Kingdom. Their defeat in World War I led to the collapse of the Monarchy
and the independent Republic of Hungary was declared on 31 October 1918. Their
alignment with Germany in World War II led to post war domination by Russian and a
transition to Communism. On 3 November 1956, students who had originally organized for
were crushed in a bid for independence. On 23 October 1989, Hungary achieved
independence from the Soviet Union with the promulgation of a revised Constitution. Human
rights are enumerated beginning with Part 1, Article 8 (Human Rights), conforms with the
1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights of which Hungary is a signatory, and are
enumerated below. For a full English translation of Hungary's Constitution, click here.
Koros culture. The region underwent domination by Celts, the Roman Empire, the Huns and
various nomadic tribes. The arrival of the Magyar tribespeople from across the Carpathian
Mountains from Ukraine some time after 896 is traditionally considered the beginning of
Hungarian Culture. Magyars dominated until defeat by the Ottoman Empire in 1526 and the
division of Hungary into three parts in 1541. The ascension of the Austrian Hapsburgs led to
a union with Croatia to create the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1718 the entire Kingdom was
restored. On 15 March 1848, mass demonstrations led to the dethroning of the Hapsburgs
and the establishment of the first Republic of Hungary. In 1867, Hungary was reunited with
Hungary into one Kingdom. Their defeat in World War I led to the collapse of the Monarchy
and the independent Republic of Hungary was declared on 31 October 1918. Their
alignment with Germany in World War II led to post war domination by Russian and a
transition to Communism. On 3 November 1956, students who had originally organized for
were crushed in a bid for independence. On 23 October 1989, Hungary achieved
independence from the Soviet Union with the promulgation of a revised Constitution. Human
rights are enumerated beginning with Part 1, Article 8 (Human Rights), conforms with the
1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights of which Hungary is a signatory, and are
enumerated below. For a full English translation of Hungary's Constitution, click here.