| SINGAPORE Republic of Singapore Republic of Singapore Joined United Nations: 21 September 1965 Human Rights as assured by their constitution Updated 05 August 2012 |
Part IV Fundamental Liberties
Article 9 Liberty of the Person
(1) No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty save in accordance with law.
(2) Where a complaint is made to the High Court or any Judge thereof that a person is being unlawfully detained, the Court shall inquire
into the complaint and, unless satisfied that the detention is lawful, shall order him to be produced before the Court and release him.
(3) Where a person is arrested, he shall be informed as soon as may be of the grounds of his arrest and shall be allowed to consult and be
defended by a legal practitioner of his choice.
(4) Where a person is arrested and not released, he shall, without unreasonable delay, and in any case within 48 hours (excluding the time
of any necessary journey), be produced before a magistrate and shall not be further detained in custody without the magistrate's authority.
(5) Clauses (3) and (4) shall not apply to an enemy alien or to any person arrested for contempt of Parliament pursuant to a warrant
issued under the hand of the Speaker.
(6) Nothing in this article shall invalidate any law
(a) in force before 16 September 1963 which authorizes the arrest and detention of any person in the interests of public safety, peace and
good order; or
(b) relating to the misuse of drugs or intoxicating substances which authorizes the arrest and detention of any person for the purpose of
treatment and rehabilitation, by reason of such law being inconsistent with clauses (3) and (4), and, in particular, nothing in this article
shall affect the validity or operation of any such law before 10 March 1978.
Article 10 Slavery and Forced Labor Prohibited
(1) No person shall be held in slavery.
(2) All forms of forced labor are prohibited, but Parliament may by law provide for compulsory service for national purposes.
(3) Work incidental to the serving of a sentence of imprisonment imposed by a court of law shall not be taken to be forced labor within
the meaning of this article.
Article 11 Protection Against Retrospective Criminal Laws and Repeated Trials
(1) No person shall be punished for an act or omission which was not punishable by law when it was done or made, and no person shall
suffer greater punishment for an offence than was prescribed by law at the time it was committed.
(2) A person who has been convicted or acquitted of an offence shall not be tried again for the same offence except where the conviction
or acquittal has been quashed and a retrial ordered by a court superior to that by which he was convicted or acquitted.
Article 12 Equality
(1) All persons are equal before the law and entitled to the equal protection of the law.
(2) Except as expressly authorized by this Constitution, there shall be no discrimination against citizens of Singapore on the ground only
of religion, race, descent or place of birth in any law or in the appointment to any office or employment under a
public authority or in the administration of any law relating to the acquisition, holding, or disposition of property or the establishing or
carrying on of any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment.
(3) This article does not invalidate or prohibit
(a) any provision regulating personal law; or
(b) any provision or practice restricting office or employment connected with the affairs of any religion, or of an institution managed by a
group professing any religion, to persons professing that religion.
Article 13 Prohibition of Banishment and Freedom of Movement
(1) No citizen of Singapore shall be banished or excluded from Singapore.
(2) Subject to any law relating to the security of Singapore or any part thereof, public order, public health or the punishment of offenders,
every citizen of Singapore has the right to move freely throughout Singapore and to reside in any part thereof.
Article 14 Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and Association
(1) Subject to clauses (2) and (3)
(a) every citizen of Singapore has the right to freedom of speech and expression;
(b) all citizens of Singapore have the right to assemble peaceably and without arms; and
(c) all citizens of Singapore have the right to form associations.
(2) Parliament may by law impose
(a) on the rights conferred by clause (1)(a), such restrictions as it considers necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of
Singapore or any part thereof, friendly relations with other countries, public order or morality and restrictions designed to protect the
privileges of Parliament or to provide against contempt of court, defamation or incitement to any offence;
(b) on the right conferred by clause (1)(b), such restrictions as it considers necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of
Singapore or any part thereof or public order; and
(c) on the right conferred by clause (1)(c), such restrictions as it considers necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of
Singapore or any part thereof, public order or morality.
(3) Restrictions on the right to form associations conferred by clause (1)(c) may also be imposed by any law relating to labor or
education.
Article 15 Freedom of Religion
(1) Every person has the right to profess and practice his religion and to propagate it.
(2) No person shall be compelled to pay any tax the proceeds of which are specially allocated in whole or in part for the purposes of a
religion other than his own.
(3) Every religious group has the right
(a) to manage its own religious affairs;
(b) to establish and maintain institutions for religious or charitable purposes; and
(c) to acquire and own property and hold and administer it in accordance with law.
(4) This article does not authorize any act contrary to any general law relating to public order, public health or morality.
Article 16 Rights in Respect of Education
(1) Without prejudice to the generality of Article 12, there shall be no discrimination against any citizens of Singapore on the grounds only
of religion, race, descent or place of birth
(a) in the administration of any educational institution maintained by a public authority, and, in particular, the admission of pupils or
students or the payment of fees; or
(b) in providing out of the funds of a public authority financial
aid for the maintenance or education of pupils or students in any educational institution (whether or not maintained by a public authority
and whether within or outside Singapore).
(2) Every religious group has the right to establish and maintain institutions for the education of children and provide therein instruction in
its own religion, and there shall be no discrimination on the ground only of religion in any law relating to such institutions or in the
administration of any such law.
(3) No person shall be required to receive instruction in or to take part in any ceremony or act of worship of a religion other than his own.
(4) For the purposes of clause (3), the religion of a person under the age of 18 years shall be decided by his parent or guardian.
Article 9 Liberty of the Person
(1) No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty save in accordance with law.
(2) Where a complaint is made to the High Court or any Judge thereof that a person is being unlawfully detained, the Court shall inquire
into the complaint and, unless satisfied that the detention is lawful, shall order him to be produced before the Court and release him.
(3) Where a person is arrested, he shall be informed as soon as may be of the grounds of his arrest and shall be allowed to consult and be
defended by a legal practitioner of his choice.
(4) Where a person is arrested and not released, he shall, without unreasonable delay, and in any case within 48 hours (excluding the time
of any necessary journey), be produced before a magistrate and shall not be further detained in custody without the magistrate's authority.
(5) Clauses (3) and (4) shall not apply to an enemy alien or to any person arrested for contempt of Parliament pursuant to a warrant
issued under the hand of the Speaker.
(6) Nothing in this article shall invalidate any law
(a) in force before 16 September 1963 which authorizes the arrest and detention of any person in the interests of public safety, peace and
good order; or
(b) relating to the misuse of drugs or intoxicating substances which authorizes the arrest and detention of any person for the purpose of
treatment and rehabilitation, by reason of such law being inconsistent with clauses (3) and (4), and, in particular, nothing in this article
shall affect the validity or operation of any such law before 10 March 1978.
Article 10 Slavery and Forced Labor Prohibited
(1) No person shall be held in slavery.
(2) All forms of forced labor are prohibited, but Parliament may by law provide for compulsory service for national purposes.
(3) Work incidental to the serving of a sentence of imprisonment imposed by a court of law shall not be taken to be forced labor within
the meaning of this article.
Article 11 Protection Against Retrospective Criminal Laws and Repeated Trials
(1) No person shall be punished for an act or omission which was not punishable by law when it was done or made, and no person shall
suffer greater punishment for an offence than was prescribed by law at the time it was committed.
(2) A person who has been convicted or acquitted of an offence shall not be tried again for the same offence except where the conviction
or acquittal has been quashed and a retrial ordered by a court superior to that by which he was convicted or acquitted.
Article 12 Equality
(1) All persons are equal before the law and entitled to the equal protection of the law.
(2) Except as expressly authorized by this Constitution, there shall be no discrimination against citizens of Singapore on the ground only
of religion, race, descent or place of birth in any law or in the appointment to any office or employment under a
public authority or in the administration of any law relating to the acquisition, holding, or disposition of property or the establishing or
carrying on of any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment.
(3) This article does not invalidate or prohibit
(a) any provision regulating personal law; or
(b) any provision or practice restricting office or employment connected with the affairs of any religion, or of an institution managed by a
group professing any religion, to persons professing that religion.
Article 13 Prohibition of Banishment and Freedom of Movement
(1) No citizen of Singapore shall be banished or excluded from Singapore.
(2) Subject to any law relating to the security of Singapore or any part thereof, public order, public health or the punishment of offenders,
every citizen of Singapore has the right to move freely throughout Singapore and to reside in any part thereof.
Article 14 Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and Association
(1) Subject to clauses (2) and (3)
(a) every citizen of Singapore has the right to freedom of speech and expression;
(b) all citizens of Singapore have the right to assemble peaceably and without arms; and
(c) all citizens of Singapore have the right to form associations.
(2) Parliament may by law impose
(a) on the rights conferred by clause (1)(a), such restrictions as it considers necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of
Singapore or any part thereof, friendly relations with other countries, public order or morality and restrictions designed to protect the
privileges of Parliament or to provide against contempt of court, defamation or incitement to any offence;
(b) on the right conferred by clause (1)(b), such restrictions as it considers necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of
Singapore or any part thereof or public order; and
(c) on the right conferred by clause (1)(c), such restrictions as it considers necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of
Singapore or any part thereof, public order or morality.
(3) Restrictions on the right to form associations conferred by clause (1)(c) may also be imposed by any law relating to labor or
education.
Article 15 Freedom of Religion
(1) Every person has the right to profess and practice his religion and to propagate it.
(2) No person shall be compelled to pay any tax the proceeds of which are specially allocated in whole or in part for the purposes of a
religion other than his own.
(3) Every religious group has the right
(a) to manage its own religious affairs;
(b) to establish and maintain institutions for religious or charitable purposes; and
(c) to acquire and own property and hold and administer it in accordance with law.
(4) This article does not authorize any act contrary to any general law relating to public order, public health or morality.
Article 16 Rights in Respect of Education
(1) Without prejudice to the generality of Article 12, there shall be no discrimination against any citizens of Singapore on the grounds only
of religion, race, descent or place of birth
(a) in the administration of any educational institution maintained by a public authority, and, in particular, the admission of pupils or
students or the payment of fees; or
(b) in providing out of the funds of a public authority financial
aid for the maintenance or education of pupils or students in any educational institution (whether or not maintained by a public authority
and whether within or outside Singapore).
(2) Every religious group has the right to establish and maintain institutions for the education of children and provide therein instruction in
its own religion, and there shall be no discrimination on the ground only of religion in any law relating to such institutions or in the
administration of any such law.
(3) No person shall be required to receive instruction in or to take part in any ceremony or act of worship of a religion other than his own.
(4) For the purposes of clause (3), the religion of a person under the age of 18 years shall be decided by his parent or guardian.
On 16 September 1963, the Singapore Parliament enacted the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore.
The rights and liberties of the citizenry are detailed in Part IV under the heading of "Fundamental
Liberties" and conform with the terms and obligations as set forth in the 1948 Universal Declaration of
Human Rights. Those fundamental liberties are presented below. For a full English translation of
Singapore's constitution, click here.
The rights and liberties of the citizenry are detailed in Part IV under the heading of "Fundamental
Liberties" and conform with the terms and obligations as set forth in the 1948 Universal Declaration of
Human Rights. Those fundamental liberties are presented below. For a full English translation of
Singapore's constitution, click here.